Contents

NEET SYLLABUS 

Behaviour of gases : Graham’s Law of diffusion, Deviation from ideal gas behaviour

OBJECTIVES

After studying this unit, you will be able to : 

• Explain the diffusion of different non-reactive gases.
• Explain the behaviour of real gases.
• Explain describe the conditions required for 
• liquification of gases

The snowflake falls, yet lays not long its feath’ry grasp on Mother Earth Ere Sun returns it to the vapours Whence it came, or to waters tumbling down the rocky slope.

Rod O’ Connor

Contents

          NEET SYLLABUS 

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY : General Introduction : Importance and scope of chemistry. Concept of elements, atoms and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry. Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory; Precision and accuracy, Significant figures.

OBJECTIVES

After studying this unit, we will be able to :

• Understand and appreciate the role of chemistry in different spheres of life;
• Explain the characteristic of three states of matter;
• Classify different substances into elements, compounds and mixtures;
• Explain various laws of chemical combination;
• Appreciate significance of atomic mass, average atomic mass and molecular mass.
• Describe the terms – mole and molar mass;
• Calculate the mass percentage of different elements constituting a compound;
• Determine empirical formula and molecular formula for a compound from the given experimental data;
• Perform the stoichiometric calculations.

“Chemistry is the melodies you can play on vibrating strings”

Michio Kaku

Contents

NEET SYLLABUS 

STRUCTURE OF ATOM : Atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbital, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals. 

OBJECTIVES

After studying this unit, you will be able to :

• Describe Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr atomic models;
• Understand the important features of the quantum mechanical model of atom;
• Understand nature of electromagnetic radiation and Planck’s quantum theory;
• State the de Broglie relation and Heisenberg uncertainty principle; 
• Define an atomic orbital in terms of quantum numbers;
• State Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity;
• Write the electronic configurations of atoms.

“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”

Albert Einstein

Contents

NEET SYLLABUS 

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS : First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ∆U and ∆H, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of : bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Introduction of entropy as state function, Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity. Third law of thermodynamics – Brief introduction. 

OBJECTIVES 

After studying this unit, we will be able to :

• Explain the terms : system and surroundings;
• Discriminate between close, open and isolated systems; 
• Explain internal energy, work and heat;
• State first law of thermodynamics and express it mathematically; calculate energy changes as work and heat contributions in chemical systems;
• Explain state functions : U, H.
• Correlate ∆U and ∆H; 
• Define standard states for ∆H; 
• Calculate enthalpy changes for various types of reactions;
• State and apply Hess’s law of constant heat summation;
• Differentiate between extensive and intensive properties;
• Define spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes;
• Explain entropy as a thermodynamic state function and apply it for spontaneity;
•  Explain Gibbs energy change (∆G);
• Establish relationship between ∆G and equilibrium constant.

“Thermodynamics cannot be fathomed in all its profundity in a single pass”

Joseph Kestin  

Contents

NEET SYLLABUS 

REDOX REACTIONS : Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation numbers. 

OBJECTIVES

  After studying this unit, we will be able to :

• Identify redox reactions as a class of reactions in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously.
• Define the terms oxidation, reduction, oxidant (oxidising agent) and reductant (reducing agent);
• Explain mechanism of redox reactions by electron transfer process;
• Use the concept of oxidation number to identify oxidant and reductant in a reaction;
• Classify redox reaction into combination (synthesis), decomposition, displacement and disproportionation reactions;
• Suggest a comparative order among various reductants and oxidants; 
• Balance chemical equations using 

1. Oxidation number (ii) ion electron method ;

‘a person starts to live when he can live outside himself”

Albert Einstein 

Contents

Contents

NEET SYLLABUS 

EQUILIBRIUM : Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium -Le Chatelier’s principle. 

OBJECTIVES 

After studying this unit, we will be able to :

• Identify dynamic nature of equilibrium involved in physical and chemical processes; 
• State the law of equilibrium;
•   Explain characteristics of equilibria involved in physical and chemical processes; 
• Write expressions for equilibrium constants;
• Establish a relationship between Kp and Kc ; 
• Explain various factors that affect the equilibrium state of a reaction; 

     Understand physical equilibrium 

“you cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him discover it in himself”.

Galileo